Inside the Oracle Concurrent Manager
by Lokesh Rustagi - Oracle Apps DBA at IBM = Noida
The concurrent managers in the Oracle e-Business suite serve several important administrative functions. Foremost, the concurrent managers ensure that the applications are not overwhelmed with requests, and the second areas of functions are the management of batch processing and report generation.
This article will explore tools that are used by experienced administrators to gain insight and improved control over the concurrent management functions. We will explore how the concurrent managers can be configured via the GUI, and also explore scripts and dictionary queries that are used to improve the functionality of concurrent management.
The Master Concurrent Managers
There is a lot of talk about "the" concurrent manager in Oracle Applications. Actually, there are many Concurrent Managers, each governing flow within each Oracle Apps areas. In addition there are "super" Concurrent Managers whose job is to govern the behavior of the slave Concurrent Managers. The Oracle e-Business suite has three important master Concurrent Managers:
* Internal Concurrent Manager — The master manager is called the Internal Concurrent Manager (ICM) because it controls the behavior of all of the other managers, and because the ICM is the boss, it must be running before any other managers can be activated. The main functions of the ICM are to start up and shutdown the individual concurrent managers, and reset the other managers after one them has a failure.
* Standard Manager — Another important master Concurrent Manager is called the Standard Manager (SM). The SM functions to run any reports and batch jobs that have not been defined to run in any specific product manager. Examples of specific concurrent managers include the Inventory Manager, CRP Inquiry Manager, and the Receivables Tax Manager.
* Conflict Resolution Manager — The Conflict Resolution Manager (CRM) functions to check concurrent program definitions for incompatibility rules. However, the ICM can be configured to take over the CRM's job to resolve incompatibilities.
Now that we understand the functions of the master Concurrent Managers, let's take a quick look at techniques that are used by Oracle Apps DBAs to monitor the tune the behavior of the Concurrent Managers.
Tuning the Concurrent Manager
All successful Oracle Apps DBAs must understand how to monitor and tune each of the Concurrent Managers. This article will explore some of the important techniques for monitoring and tuning the Oracle Apps Concurrent Manager processes. The topics will include:
* Tuning the Concurrent Manager
o Tuning the Internal Concurrent Manager
o Purging Concurrent Requests
o Troubleshooting Oracle Apps performance problems
o Adjusting the Concurrent Manager Cache Size
o Analyzing the Oracle Apps Dictionary Tables
* Monitoring Pending Requests in the Concurrent Manager
* Changing the dispatching priority within the Concurrent Manager
Let's start by looking at tuning the ICM, and drill-down into more detail.
Tuning the Internal Concurrent Manager (ICM)
The ICM performance is affected by the three important Oracle parameters PMON cycle, queue size, and sleep time.
* PMON cycle — This is the number of sleep cycles that the ICM waits between the time it checks for concurrent managers failures, which defaults to 20. You should change the PMON cycle to a number lower than 20 if your concurrent managers are having problems with abnormal terminations.
* Queue Size — The queue size is the number of PMON cycles that the ICM waits between checking for disabled or new concurrent managers. The default for queue size of 1 PMON cycle should be used.
* Sleep Time — The sleep time parameter indicates the seconds that the ICM should wait between checking for requests that are waiting to run. The default sleep time is 60, but you can lower this number if you see you have a lot of request waiting (Pending/Normal). However, reducing this number to a very low value many cause excessive cpu utilization.
All of the concurrent managers, with the exception of the ICM and CRM, can be configured to run as many processes as needed, as well as the time and days a manager can process requests. However, the number of processes needed is dependent on each organization's environment. An Applications DBA must monitor the concurrent processing in order to decide how to configure each manager. For a fresh install of the applications, initially configure the standard manager to run with five processes, and all the other managers with two processes. After the applications have been in operation for a while, the concurrent managers should be monitored to determine is more operating system process should be allocated.
Purging Concurrent Requests
One important area of Concurrent Manager tuning is monitoring the space usage for the subsets within each concurrent manager. When the space in FND_CONCURRENT_PROCESSES and FND_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS exceed 50K, you can start to experience serious performance problems within your Oracle Applications. When you experience these space problems, a specific request called "Purge Concurrent Requests And/Or Manager Data" should be scheduled to run on a regular basis. This request can be configured to purge the request data from the FND tables as well as the log files and output files on accumulate on disk.
Adjusting the Concurrent Manager Cache Size
Concurrent manager performance can also be enhanced by increasing the manager cache size to be at lease twice the number of target processes. The cache size specifies the number of requests that will be cached each time the concurrent manager reads from the FND_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS table. Increasing the cache size will boost the throughput of the managers by attempting to avoid sleep time.
Analyzing Oracle Apps Dictionary Tables for High Performance
It is also very important to run the request Gather Table Statistics on these tables:
* FND_CONCURRENT_PROCESSES
* FND_CONCURRENT_PROGRAMS
* FND_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
* FND_CONCURRENT_QUEUES.
Run the request "Analyze All Index Column Statistics" on the indexes of these tables. Since the APPLSYS user is the owner of these tables, so you can also just run the request Analyze Schema Statistics for APPLSYS.
To troubleshoot performance, a DBA can use three types of trace. A module trace, such as PO or AR, can be set by enabling the module's profile option Debug Trace from within the applications. Second, most concurrent requests can be set to generate a trace file by changing the request parameters. To enable trace for a specific request, log in as a user with the System Administrator responsibility. Navigate to Concurrent -> Program -> Define. Query for the request that you want to enable trace. At the bottom right of the screen you can check the box Enable Trace. (Figure 1)
Figure 1: Troubleshooting Concurrent Manager Performance.
Another popular way to troubleshoot the Concurrent Managers is to generate a trace file. This is done by setting the OS environment variable FNDSQLCHK to FULL, and running the request from the command line.
Monitoring Pending Requests in the Concurrent Managers
Occasionally, you may find that requests are stacking up in the concurrent managers with a status of "pending". This can be caused by any of these conditions:
1. The concurrent managers were brought down will a request was running.
2. The database was shutdown before shutting down the concurrent managers.
3. There is a shortage of RAM memory or CPU resources.
When you get a backlog of pending requests, you can first allocate more processes to the manager that is having the problem in order to allow most of the requests to process, and then make a list of the requests that will not complete so they can be resubmitted, and cancel them.
To allocate more processes to a manager, log in as a user with the System Administrator responsibility. Navigate to Concurrent -> Manager -> Define. Increase the number in the Processes column. Also, you may not need all the concurrent managers that Oracle supplies with an Oracle Applications install, so you can save resources by identifying the unneeded managers and disabling them.
Figure 2: Allocating more processes to the Concurrent Manager.
However, you can still have problems. If the request remains in a phase of RUNNING and a status of TERMINATING after allocating more processes to the manager, then shutdown the concurrent managers, kill any processes from the operating system that won't terminate, and execute the following sqlplus statement as the APPLSYS user to reset the managers in the FND_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS table:
update fnd_concurrent_requests
set status_code='X', phase_code='C'
where status_code='T';
Changing Dispatching Priority within the Concurrent Manager
If there are requests that have a higher priority to run over other requests, you can navigate to Concurrent --> Program --> Define to change the priority of a request. If a priority is not set for a request, it will have the same priority as all other requests, or it will be set to the value specified in the user's profile option Concurrent:Priority.
Also, you can specify that a request run using an SQL optimizer mode of FIRST_ROWS, ALL_ROWS, RULE, or CHOOSE, and this can radically effect the performance of the SQL inside the Concurrent request. If several long running requests are submitted together, they can cause fast running requests to have to wait unnecessarily. If this is occurring, try to schedule as many long running requests to run after peak business hours. Additionally, a concurrent manager can be created to run only fast running requests.
Using data Dictionary Scripts with the Concurrent Manager
Few Oracle Applications DBAs understand that sophisticated data dictionary queries can be run to reveal details about the workings within each Concurrent Manager. Oracle provides several internal tables that can be queried from SQL*Plus to see the status of the concurrent requests, and the most important are FND_CONCURRENT_PROGRAMS and FND_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS.
Oracle supplies several useful scripts, (located in $FND_TOP/sql directory), for monitoring the concurrent managers:
afcmstat.sql
Displays all the defined managers, their maximum capacity, pids, and their status.
afimchk.sql
Displays the status of ICM and PMON method in effect, the ICM's log file, and determines if the concurrent manger monitor is running.
afcmcreq.sql
Displays the concurrent manager and the name of its log file that processed a request.
afrqwait.sql
Displays the requests that are pending, held, and scheduled.
afrqstat.sql
Displays of summary of concurrent request execution time and status since a particular date.
afqpmrid.sql
Displays the operating system process id of the FNDLIBR process based on a concurrent request id. The process id can then be used with the ORADEBUG utility.
afimlock.sql
Displays the process id, terminal, and process id that may be causing locks that the ICM and CRM are waiting to get. You should run this script if there are long delays when submitting jobs, or if you suspect the ICM is in a gridlock with another oracle process.
In addition to these canned scripts you can skill write custom Concurrent Manager scripts. For example, the following query can be executed to identify requests based on the number of minutes the request ran:
conc_stat.sql
set echo off
set feedback off
set linesize 97
set verify off
col request_id format 9999999999 heading "Request ID"
col exec_time format 999999999 heading "Exec Time|(Minutes)"
col start_date format a10 heading "Start Date"
col conc_prog format a20 heading "Conc Program Name"
col user_conc_prog format a40 trunc heading "User Program Name"
spool long_running_cr.lst
SELECT
fcr.request_id request_id,
TRUNC(((fcr.actual_completion_date-fcr.actual_start_date)/(1/24))*60) exec_time,
fcr.actual_start_date start_date,
fcp.concurrent_program_name conc_prog,
fcpt.user_concurrent_program_name user_conc_prog
FROM
fnd_concurrent_programs fcp,
fnd_concurrent_programs_tl fcpt,
fnd_concurrent_requests fcr
WHERE
TRUNC(((fcr.actual_completion_date-fcr.actual_start_date)/(1/24))*60) > NVL('&min',45)
and
fcr.concurrent_program_id = fcp.concurrent_program_id
and
fcr.program_application_id = fcp.application_id
and
fcr.concurrent_program_id = fcpt.concurrent_program_id
and
fcr.program_application_id = fcpt.application_id
and
fcpt.language = USERENV('Lang')
ORDER BY
TRUNC(((fcr.actual_completion_date-fcr.actual_start_date)/(1/24))*60) desc;
spool off
Note that this script prompts you for the number of minutes. The output from this query with a value of 60 produced the following output on my database. Here we can see important details about currently-running requests, including the request ID, the execution time, the user who submitted the program and the name of the program.
Enter value for min: 60
Exec Time
Request ID (Minutes) Start Date Conc Program Name User Program Name
----------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------
1445627 218 01-SEP-02 MWCRMRGA Margin Analysis Report(COGS Breakups)
444965 211 03-JUL-01 CSTRBICR5G Cost Rollup - No Report GUI
1418262 208 22-AUG-02 MWCRMRGA Margin Analysis Report(COGS Breakups)
439443 205 28-JUN-01 CSTRBICR5G Cost Rollup - No Report GUI
516074 178 10-AUG-01 CSTRBICR6G Cost Rollup - Print Report GUI
1417551 164 22-AUG-02 MWCRMRGA Margin Analysis Report(COGS Breakups)
